In a remarkable paleontological breakthrough, a rare species of ichthyosaur was recently identified from fossils discovered in 2001 along the Jurassic Coast of England. This marine reptile, named Xiphodracon goldencapsis or the “Sword Dragon of Dorset,” lived during the Early Jurassic period around 190 million years ago. The name reflects its distinctive long, blade-like snout and fearsome appearance resembling a sword.
The near-complete fossil was found at Golden Cap by fossil collector Chris Moore. Scientists noted its enormous eye sockets and uniquely long snout, used to catch soft fish and squid. It measures around 10 feet in length, making it comparable to a modern dolphin. The study, published in Papers in Palaeontology, places the species in an evolutionary gap previously unknown for ichthyosaurs.
Research led by ichthyosaur expert Dr. Dean Lomax highlights how this discovery changes previous understanding, showing key evolutionary shifts in the Pliensbachian age (193–184 million years ago) happened earlier than thought. Xiphodracon exhibits prong-like bony extensions near the nostrils, an unprecedented trait in ichthyosaurs.
The fossil also reveals evidence of injuries and possible predator attacks, underscoring the dangerous world of Mesozoic oceans. The specimen is now displayed at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, offering invaluable insights into a significant transitional phase in ancient marine reptile evolution.
